What are common mistakes swimmers make in the elementary backstroke?

The reason why the choice highlighting incorrect hand entry and improper head position is considered a common mistake in the elementary backstroke is rooted in the fundamental mechanics of the stroke. The elementary backstroke is characterized by a backwards "frog" kick, and the hand movements are typically circular for efficient propulsion.

Incorrect hand entry can disrupt the streamlined position of the swimmer and lead to drag, reducing efficiency and speed. Proper hand entry should be smooth and consistent to maintain the flow of the stroke. Similarly, improper head position can negatively impact the swimmer's alignment in the water. The ideal position involves keeping the head in a neutral position, allowing the hips to stay up and reducing resistance. Poor head alignment can lead to increased drag and can cause the hips to drop, which further compromises the swimmer's performance and energy expenditure.

In contrast, other choices focus on various aspects of technique, which are certainly important, but incorrect hand entry and head position are specifically critical in the context of maintaining balance and efficiency in the elementary backstroke. These foundational elements are essential for beginners to master in order to develop a strong, effective swimming technique.